[COVID-19]Skin Manifestations Associated with COVID-19: Current Knowle…
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Skin Manifestations Associated with COVID-19: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives
Review Dermatology
. 2021;237(1):1-12. doi: 10.1159/000512932. Epub 2020 Nov 24.
Giovanni Genovese 1 2, Chiara Moltrasio 1 3, Emilio Berti 1 2, Angelo Valerio Marzano 4 5
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is an ongoing global pandemic caused by the "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2), which was isolated for the first time in Wuhan (China) in December 2019. Common symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, dyspnea and hypogeusia/hyposmia. Among extrapulmonary signs associated with COVID-19, dermatological manifestations have been increasingly reported in the last few months.
Summary:
The polymorphic nature of COVID-19-associated cutaneous manifestations led our group to propose a classification, which distinguishes the following six main clinical patterns:
(i) urticarial rash,
(ii) confluent erythematous/maculopapular/morbilliform rash,
(iii) papulovesicular exanthem,
(iv) chilblain-like acral pattern,
(v) livedo reticularis/racemosa-like pattern,
(vi) purpuric "vasculitic" pattern.
This review summarizes the current knowledge on COVID-19-associated cutaneous manifestations, focusing on clinical features and therapeutic management of each category and attempting to give an overview of the hypothesized pathophysiological mechanisms of these conditions.
Keywords: COVID-19; Cutaneous manifestations; SARS-CoV-2.
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